Hindi Lesson 7 ( How is………?)

Today we introduce the word “HOW”. 

Hindi Lesson 7 ( How is he, how is she, how is everyone……)

How: kaisaa ( कैसा)

therefore

1. How are you?           changes to  You how are?    following the SOV language rule.

subject + Other (object, modifier etc) + Verb

with formal you (आप, aap) aap kaise hai^? आप कैसे हैं?

with familiar you (तुम, tum) tum kaise ho? तुम कैसे हो?

2 How is he?  

vo kaisa hai?  वह कैसा है? (remember he = ‘vah’ and  ’vah’ is pronounced as ‘vo’)

3. How is she?

vo kaisii hai? वह कैसी है? 

4. How is everyone/everybody?

sablog kaise hai^?  सबलोग कैसे हैं?  (remember, everyone takes the plural form verb ending) refer to lesson 6 if not clear.

5. how is everything?

sabkuchh kaisaa hai? सकु्छ कैसा है? (remember, everything takes the singular form of verb ending)

6. On the same lines?

How is Ram? 

Ram kaisaa hai? राम कैसा है?

Practice for you.

1. How is Sheela?

2. How are Arvind and Radha?

3. How is the movie “Dostana”?

Try to do these and leave in the comments section. I will correct the first three entries if they need correction. 

धन्यवाद,  Keep practicing.

Hindi Lesson 6 (Everything is…… )

Hindi Lesson 6 (Everything is……….. Everybody (everyone) is………..)

Everything: sabkuchh (सबकुछ)

Everything takes ‘is’, ‘hai’  just like in English.  

therefore,

1. Everything is good.                    sabkuchh achchhaa hai.                 सबकुछ अच्छा है |

2. Eveything is fine.                        sabkuchh THiik hai.                      सबकुछ ठीक है |

3. How is everything?                   sabkuchh kaisaa hai.                       सबकुछ कैसा है |
 

Let us talk about ‘Everybody’ now.

Usage in English is : Everybody is happy. 

Hindi considers it a plural word since we are talking about  more than one person). Therefore the plural ending “hai^” is used.

Let’s make some sentences.

1. Everybody is good.                            sablog achchhe hai^.              सबलोग अच्छे हैं|
2. Everybody is fine.                              sablog THiik hai^.                     सबलोग ठीक हैं|
3. How is everyone.                                sablog kaise hai^                      सबलोग कैसे हैं|

Try what you have learnt so far by practicing these quizzes. Let me know your feedback. 

Quiz 1.

Quiz 2

Quiz 3

phir mile^ge.

Hindi Lesson5 (We are……)

Hindi Lesson5 (We are………..)

“We” : plural of “I” : “ham” = हम

Just as “we” takes “are” in English eg:

1. We are girls.

2. We are boys.

3. We are happy.

similary  in Hindi  “hai^” takes place of “are”.

Sentences below:

Vocabulary words:

girls: laRakiyaa^          boys: laRake

happy: kush                 sad: udaas

apples: seb                  here: yahaa^

1. We are girls.       ham laRakiyaa^ hai^ |

2. We are boys.       ham laRake hai^|

3. We are happy.     ham kush hai^ |

4. We are sad.         ham udaas hai^|

5. We are  here.      ham yahaa^ hai^ |

This is simple, correct?  infact we can say this in Hindi now.

simple: aasaan.  

yah aasaan hai|

baakii phir.

Hindi Lesson4 (These/Those are…)

Hindi Lesson4 (These are …) (Those are …)

“These” : plural of This.  “ye” 

“Those”: plural of That. “ve”

Just as These and Those take “are” in a senence eg. These are tables. These are boys. These books are good. Those chairs are white. Similarly in Hindi “hai^” takes place of “are”.

Let’s try some sentences

Vocabulary words:

houses:ghar                  apples: seb               friends: dost

tables: meze^                fruits: phal                 kyaa: what

where: kahaa^                big: baRaa

Sentences with “these” “ye”    

1. These are houses.     ye ghar hai^.                   ये घर हैं|
2. These are apples.      ye seb hai^.                    ये सेब हैं|
3. What are these?         Ye kyaa hai^?                  ये क्या हैं?
4. Where are these?       ye kahaa^ hai^?               ये कहाँ हैं?
5. Are these fruits?        kyaa ye phal hai^?           क्या ये फल हैं?

Senetences with “those” “ve”

1. Those are friends.      ve dost hai^.         वे दोस्त हैं
2. Those are apples.       ve seb hai^.          वे सेब हैं
3. What are those?           ve kyaa hai^?       वे क्या हैं
4. Where are those?        ve kahaa^ hai^?     वे कहाँ हैं?
5. Are those big?             ve baRe hai^.         क्या वे बड़े हैं

Pronunciation tip: ‘ve’ is often pronounced as “vo”  for colloquial purposes  (never in writing).  This does not mean pronouncing ‘Those’ as ve is incorrect, of course ‘ve’ is the correct pronunciation. Generally people pick “vo” when saying ‘that’ and ‘those’ in Hindi. My point is if you hear ‘vo’ when you expected ‘ve’ don’t dwell on it.

practice substituting any plural noun with ‘ye’ and ‘ve’.

baakii phir. More later.

Hindi Lesson3 (This/That is a….)

Hindi Lesson3 (This is a …..) (That is a ….)

‘This’: as Random House Dictionary explains is used to indicate a person, thing, idea, state, etc present near. “yah” is used for this in Hindi

‘That’ similarly is used to indicate a person, thing, idea, state etc as present remote. “vah” is used for that in Hindi.

This –     yah                                         यह

is -          hai  OR hai^                         है   OR  हैं

Can you guess when we use ‘hai’ versus its nasalized cousin ‘hai^’?  Hindi uses nasalization to denote 2 things.

·         when the subject that we are talking about is plural

·         when we want to show respect toward our subject

Follow  the order of Sentence (Subject     Other     Verb)   in the following sentences.

Vocabulary words:

house:ghar                  girl:laRakii                   mom:maataajii or mummy                      table:mez      

dad:papa or pitaajii      dog: kuttaa                 friend:dost                                              lesson:paaTh                                   

1.       This is a house.

yah ghar hai.                                      यह घर है|

2.       This is a girl.

yah laRakii hai.                                   यह लड़की है|

3.       This is mom

yah mummy hai^.                              यह मम्मी हैं|

4.       This is dad.

yah papa hai^.                                   यह पापा हैं|

5.       This is a table

yah mez hai.                                       यह मेज़ है|

6.       This is a chair.

yah kurasii hai.                                  यह कुरसी है|

7.       This is a dog.

yah kuttaa hai.                                  यह कुत्ता है|

8.       This is a friend.

yah dost hai.                                      यह दोस्त है|

9.       This is Anshu.

yah Anshu hai.                                  यह अंशु है|

10.   This is a lesson.

yah paTH hai.                                     यह पाठ है| 

Find out where I used nasalization in the above sentences? Did you find 2? Surely, when we introduce our parents we need to show respect and hai changes into hai^.

 Moving on:           That is a …….

 That –    vah                                         वह

is -          hai  OR hai^                        है   OR  हैं

Practice speaking all the above 10 sentences with vah instead of yah. The sentence order will stay the same. Go ahead do not hesistate.

This will be it for today.  If you like the lesson or would like to see something different,  do leave a comment.  धन्यवाद

Pronunciation tip: yah is pronounced as “ye” and vah is pronounced as “vo” for all colloquial purposes. 

Hindi Lesson2 (You are..)

This is our second grammar lesson to form sentences with structure : you are…..

Hindi distinguishes pronoun “you” by classifying it into three categories.

a) you = tuu = तू is used for when you are intimate with a person and also when you want to be rude to the other person! Sounds strange, right? (piece of advise: stay away from using it) You must have heard it many times if you are into watching Bollywood movies. There is exchanged many times between the actor and actress. Ofcourse the director is showing the intimate, close relationship between the actor and actress. Another place you will recognise is in romantic Bollywood songs.

b) you = tum = तुम is used for people who are familiar to you (eg:friends, children)

c) you = aap = आप use aap when you want to show respect.  (parents, strangers). Also to show politeness.

Now that hopefully we are clear about three ways to say “you” in Hindi let’s talk about what shape “are” takes with these pronouns.

You = tuu = तू                       are = hai   =   है   ( tuu hai) intimate or rude form

you = tum = तुम                    are = ho   =   हो  (tum ho) familiar form

you = aap = आप                    are = hai^ =  हैं  (app hai^) formal form 

Sentence Formation: we will practice tum and aap forms of you only.

Familiar Forms:

1. You are a girl.      =   tum laRakii ho.   =   तुम लड़की हो| ( you girl are) (Subject Other Verb)
2. You are a doctor. =   tum doctor ho.   =   तुम डॉक्टर हो|
3. You are happy.    =    tum kush ho.     =   तुम खुश हो |
4. You are sick.       =    tum biimaar ho.  =   तुम बीमार हो 

Formal Form:

1. You are a girl.     =    aap laRakii hai^.   =   आप लड़की हैं|
2. You are a doctor =   aap doctor hai^.    =    आप डॉक्टर हैं|
3. You are hapoy.   =    aap kush hai^.      =   आप खुश हैं|

Similarly try different sentences with you (tum and aap).  Practice sentences with similar structure as “You are _____. ” Feel free to substitue the blank with any noun or adjective.

Look out for my next lesson. If you like what you see, leave a comment for me. Thanks! 

PS: My next adults workshops is going to start soon on Wednesday evenings in Artesia (90701). I have 2 spots left. If you are interested  e-mail me or leave a comment. info at: http://www.ilearnhindi.org

Hindi Lesson1 ( I am….)

 

My Hindi Workshops for adults always start with a simple sentence structure as explained below. 

I am.  मैं हूँ

I = mai^ , मैं (to understand pronunciation of “mai^” please visit quizlet http://quizlet.com/set/338053/ ) (audio in the Vowel translated page)

am = huu^ , हूँ   

^ (Press- shift 6) is what I show for nazalization.  Try saying “mai^” pinching your nose. About this is how close you should sound when saying mai^ without pinching your nose. 

Let’s get right into sentence formation.

I am a girl. mai^ laRakii huu^| मैं लड़की हूँ |  (whenever I write capitals eg: the “R” in previous sentence that means the pronunciation of that consonant is harder than the pronunciation of its lower case companion r  )

Sentence Stucture in Hindi follows Subject Other Verb pattern.  Thus

I = mai^  (subject)

am = huu^ (verb)

thus I am a girl gets spoken as “mai^ laRakii huu^” in Hindi.

Did you notice that I have nothing translated for article “a”. Yes, Hindi does not have articles “a, an, the” as English. Don’t worry too much about too many details yet. Just practice the sentences below.

I am a girl.    mai^  laRakii  huu^|      मैं लड़की हूँ |

I am a boy.   mai^   laRakaa  huu^|    मैं लड़का हूँ |

I am rich.      mai^  amiir  huu^|        मैं अमीर हूँ |

I am happy.  mai^  kush huu^|          मैं खुश हूँ |

I am Indian.  mai^  bhaartiya  huu^| मैं भारतीय हूँ |

I am sick.     mai^  bimaar  huu^|     मैं बीमार हूँ |

I am fine.      mai^  THiik huu^ |      मैं ठीक हूँ |

(the reason TH is in capital is because these are retroflex consonant, the ones with hard sound)

I am beautiful.  mai^  sundar  huu^| मैं सुंदर हूँ |

Feel free to practice sentences with I am ____. If you do not know the blank word (nound or adj.) in Hindi,feel free to substitue English word for it. eg:

mai^ bad huu^.

mai^ good huu^.

you got it!